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With the increasing use of numerical simulation to investigate two-phase flow scenarios, simulating surface tension effects has become an active research topic. In this paper, we couple the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) with the finite volume method (FVM) to study the interaction between two immiscible fluids. In the ISPH-FVM method, the FVM mesh is employed to solve the bulk flow field, and SPH particles are adopted to track the interfacial flow. The coupling framework is established through information interaction between particles and grids. In the ISPH-FVM coupled approach, three different discrete treatments of the continuous surface force (CSF) model were tested. Three surface tension discretization processes are as follows: (1) Discrete based on the SPH method (CSF-S); (2) Discrete based on volume fraction (CSF-V); (3) Discrete based on Level set function (CSF-L). Through several benchmark cases, the effectiveness of three surface tension discrete models is verified and compared with other methods. The results show that the surface tension calculated based on the CSF-S model will generate a non-negligible error in the process of transferring from the SPH particles to the FVM grids, which will lead to decrease in the simulation accuracy. In contrast, the surface tension calculated by the CSF-V model and the CSF-L model can obtain more accurate curvature and lower stray currents. However, since the CSF-L model requires the identification of the fluid interface at each time step, the computational process is time-consuming relatively.

surface tension; ISPH method; FVM method; ISPH-FVM method; two-phase flow